Understanding Meiosis: The Process of Genetic Variation

Exploring the Key Stages and Differences between Asexual and Sexual Reproduction

Slide1: Introduction: Asexual and Sexual Reproduction

  • All organisms reproduce to add new individuals to the population
  • Reproduction occurs through asexual or sexual modes
  • Lower organisms prefer asexual reproduction through mitosis
  • Sexually reproducing organisms use meiosis to increase their population

Slide2: The Interface: Preparatory Phase

  • Cell goes through G1, S, and G2 phases to grow and prepare for division
  • Genetic material (DNA) is replicated during interphase
  • Centrosome duplication is important for spindle fiber formation

Slide3: Meiosis I: Prophase I and Metaphase I

  • Prophase I is the longest phase with sub-stages: leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene, and diakinesis
  • Crossing over occurs during pachytene, resulting in genetic recombination
  • Metaphase I sees alignment of homologous chromosome pairs on the equator

Slide4: Meiosis I: Anaphase I and Telophase I

  • Anaphase I separates homologous chromosome pairs
  • Telophase I involves nuclear membrane formation and cytokinesis
  • Two haploid cells are formed at the end of Meiosis I

Slide5: Meiosis II: Prophase II and Metaphase II

  • Prophase II involves condensing of chromosomes and disappearance of nuclear membrane
  • Metaphase II sees alignment of chromosomes on the equator again

Slide6: Meiosis II: Anaphase II and Telophase II

  • Anaphase II separates sister chromatids
  • Telophase II involves nuclear membrane formation and cytokinesis
  • Four haploid cells (gametes) are formed at the end of Meiosis II

Slide7: Mitosis vs Meiosis: Key Differences

  • Mitosis results in two identical diploid cells
  • Meiosis results in four genetically diverse haploid cells
  • Meiosis involves genetic recombination through crossing over

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