Exploring Time and Duration in Mathematics

Learning together with Mutiara

Slide1: Introduction to Time and Duration

  • Assalamualaikum siblings! Welcome to another session of learning together with Mutiara.
  • Today, we will be exploring the concept of time and duration in mathematics, specifically in the context of a second-grade lesson.
  • We will be following the Merdeka Curriculum, focusing on the chapter titled 'Waktu dan Durasi'
  • In this lesson, we will examine the concept of time as indicated by clocks and the duration it takes for various activities.

Slide2: Understanding Clock Notations

  • Let's start by examining the clock notation in diagram A:
  • - The long green hour hand points to the number 12, indicating 9:00
  • - The short red minute hand points to the number 9
  • Next, in diagram C, we see the clock indicating the time when the students arrive at the train station.
  • - The long green hour hand has moved 10 scales or 10 minutes ahead from diagram A
  • - Combining the time in diagram A (9:00) and the 10-minute shift, the students arrived at 9:10.
  • Moving on to diagram D, the clock shows the time when the train arrives at its destination.
  • - The long green hour hand begins at 5 and moves 18 scales or 18 minutes ahead.
  • - By adding 18 minutes to the time in diagram C (9:25), we get the arrival time as 9:43.
  • Lastly, diagram E indicates the start of the adventure.
  • - The short red minute hand is at 10, and the long green hour hand is at 12, representing 10:00.

Slide3: Calculating Duration

  • Let's calculate the duration for various activities:
  • 1. When the long hand moves from 9:10 to 9:25, it covers 15 scales. Each scale represents 1 minute, so the duration is 15 minutes.
  • 2. How many scales does the long hand cover from 9:10 to 9:25? By subtracting 25 - 10 = 15, the duration is 15 scales.
  • 3. From 9:25 to 9:43, the long hand moves 18 scales or 18 minutes. Adding this to the previous time, we get 9:43.
  • 4. Finally, the students begin their adventure at 10:00. The short hand is at 10, and the long hand is at 12.
  • Challenge the students to take a clock from their home and rotate it to match the diagrams A, B, C, D, and E, and determine the respective times.

Slide4: Understanding the Rotation of Clock Hands

  • Let's explore the rotation of clock hands:
  • - The long hand takes 60 minutes to complete a full rotation.
  • At the same time, the short hand moves 1 hour, representing the transition from one number to the next.
  • - The second hand takes 60 seconds to complete a full rotation.
  • Simultaneously, the long hand moves 1 minute.
  • Therefore, 60 minutes equals 1 hour, and 60 seconds equals 1 minute.
  • Now, observe the clock diagrams:
  • - The first diagram shows 12:00, indicating midnight or the beginning of the day.
  • The next few hours are labeled as dini hari, pagi, siang, sore, petang, and malam.
  • - The second diagram represents the rotation of the clock throughout a day, starting from midday (12:00) until the next midday.
  • - Note that the cycle between 12:00 PM and 12:00 AM comprises 24 hours, representing a full day.
  • Count the total hours on the clock diagram and confirm that there are 24 hours in a day.

Slide5: Applying Time Concepts

  • Let's apply our understanding of time to real-life scenarios:
  • 1. On the first diagram, the time is 7:00 AM.
  • A suitable sentence could be: 'I wake up at 7:00 AM'
  • 2. In the second diagram, it is 10:30 AM.
  • A suitable sentence could be: 'I study at school at 10:30 AM'
  • 3. In the third diagram, it is 03:23 PM.
  • A suitable sentence could be: 'I play with my friends at 03:23 PM'
  • 4. In the fourth diagram, it is 09:00 PM.
  • A suitable sentence could be: 'I go to sleep at 09:00 PM'

Slide6: Calculating Time and Duration

  • Let's solve some problems related to time and duration:
  • 1. Duration of playtime: The duration of my playtime is 1 hour.
  • 2. Time of the day start: The day starts at 6:00 AM.
  • 3. Time 50 minutes before 13:40 PM: The time is 12:50 PM.
  • 4. Time 40 minutes after 22:40 PM: The time is 23:20 PM.
  • Encourage students to answer the questions by applying their knowledge of time and duration.

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